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Dexamethasone Solution
Dexamethasone Solution
This page contains information on Dexamethasone Solution for veterinary use.
The information provided typically includes the following:
Dexamethasone Solution Indications
Warnings and cautions for Dexamethasone Solution
Direction and dosage information for Dexamethasone Solution
Dexamethasone Solution
This treatment applies to the following species:
Beef Cattle
Cats
Dairy Cattle
Dogs
Horses
Manufacturer: Aspen
Solution - 2 Mg/ml
For Intravenous Or Intramuscular Injection
Veterinary
ANADA 200-108, Approved by FDA
Dexamethasone Solution Caution
Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
Description
Dexamethasone is a synthetic analogue of prednisolone, having similar but more potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic action and diversified hormonal and metabolic effects. Modification of the basic corticoid structure as achieved in dexamethasone offers enhanced anti-inflammatory effect compared to older corticosteroids. The dosage of dexamethasone required is markedly lower than that of prednisone and prednisolone.
Dexamethasone is not species-specific; however, the veterinarian should read the sections on INDICATIONS, DOSAGE, SIDE EFFECTS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS, and WARNING before this drug is used.
Dexamethasone Solution is intended for intravenous or intramuscular administration. Each mL contains: 2 mg dexamethasone, 500 mg polyethylene glycol 400, 9 mg benzyl alcohol, 1.8 mg methylparaben and 0.2 mg propylparaben as preservatives, 4.75% alcohol, HCl to adjust pH to approximately 4.9, Water For Injection q.s.
Experimental Studies
Experimental animal studies on dexamethasone have revealed it possesses greater anti-inflammatory activity than many steroids. Veterinary clinical evidence indicates dexamethasone has approximately twenty times the anti-inflammatory activity of prednisolone and seventy to eighty times that of hydrocortisone. Thymus involution studies show dexamethasone possesses twenty-five times the activity of prednisolone. In reference to mineralocorticoid activity, dexamethasone does not cause significant sodium or water retention. Metabolic balance studies show that animals on controlled and limited protein intake will exhibit nitrogen losses on exceedingly high dosages.
Dexamethasone Solution Indications
Dexamethasone Solution is indicated for the treatment of primary bovine ketosis and as an anti-inflammatory agent in the canine, feline, bovine and equine.
As supportive therapy, dexamethasone may be used in the management of various rheumatic, allergic, dermatologic, and other diseases known to be responsive to anti-inflammatory corticosteroids.
Dexamethasone Solution may be used intravenously as supportive therapy when an immediate hormonal response is required.
Bovine Ketosis
Dexamethasone Solution is offered for the treatment of primary ketosis. The glucogenic effects of dexamethasone, when administered intramuscularly, are generally noted within the first 6 to 12 hours. When Dexamethasone Solution is used intravenously the effects may be noted sooner. Blood sugar levels rise to normal levels rapidly and generally rise to above normal levels within 12 to 24 hours. Acetone bodies are reduced to normal concentrations usually within 24 hours. The physical attitude of animals treated with dexamethasone brightens and appetite improves, usually within 12 hours. Milk production, which is suppressed as a compensatory reaction in this condition, begins to increase. In some instances, it may even surpass previous peaks. The recovery process usually takes from three to seven days.
Supportive Therapy
Dexamethasone may be used as supportive therapy in mastitis, metritis, traumatic gastritis, and pyelonephritis, while appropriate primary therapy is administered. In these cases, the corticosteroid combats accompanying stress and enhances the feeling of general well-being.
Dexamethasone may also be used as supportive therapy in inflammatory conditions, such as arthritic conditions, snake bite, acute mastitis, shipping fever, pneumonia, laminitis, and retained placenta.
Equine
Dexamethasone is indicated for the treatment of acute musculoskeletal inflammations, such as bursitis, carpitis, osselets, tendonitis, myositis, and sprains. If boney changes exist in any of these conditions, joints, or accessory structures, responses to dexamethasone cannot be expected. In addition, dexamethasone may be used as supportive therapy in fatigue, heat exhaustion, influenza, laminitis, and retained placenta provided that the primary cause is determined and corrected.
Canine and Feline
Dexamethasone as supportive therapy may be used in nonspecific dermatosis such as summer eczema and atopy. Primary etiology should be determined and therapy instituted to correct it. The pruritis accompanying these conditions usually subsides within a few hours, followed by regression of inflammatory lesions.
Dexamethasone may be used as supportive therapy and pre-and post-operatively to enhance recovery of poor surgical risks, provided that full antibiotic coverage is instituted.
Dexamethasone, as supportive therapy, may be used in inflammatory conditions such as acute arthritic conditions. If boney changes exist, response to dexamethasone cannot be expected. Dexamethasone may be used as supportive therapy in canine posterior paresis.
Administration And Dosage
Therapy with dexamethasone, as with any other potent corticosteroid, should be individualized according to the severity of the condition being treated, anticipated duration of steroid therapy, and the animal's threshold or tolerance for steroid excess.
Treatment may be changed over to dexamethasone from any other glucocorticoid with proper reduction or adjustment of dosage.
Bovine - Dexamethasone Solution - 5 to 20 mg intravenously or intramuscularly.
Equine - Dexamethasone Solution - 2.5 to 5 mg intravenously or intramuscularly.
Canine - Dexamethasone Solution - 0.25 to 1 mg intravenously or intramuscularly. The dose may be repeated for three to five days.
Feline - Dexamethasone Solution - 0.125 to 0.5 mg intravenously or intramuscularly. The dose may be repeated for three to five days.
Contraindications
Except for emergency therapy, do not use in animals with chronic nephritis and hypercorticalism (Cushing's syndrome). Existence of congestive heart failure, diabetes, and osteoporosis are relative contraindications. Do not use in viral infections during the viremic stage.
Precautions
Animals receiving dexamethasone should be under close observation. Because of the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids, signs of infection may be masked and it may be necessary to stop treatment until a further diagnosis is made. Overdosage of some glucocorticoids may result in sodium retention, fluid retention, potassium loss, and weight gain.
Dexamethasone may be administered to animals with acute or chronic bacterial infections providing the infections are controlled with appropriate antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents.
Doses greater than those recommended in horses may produce a transient drowsiness or lethargy in some horses. The lethargy usually abates in 24 hours.
Use of corticosteroids, depending on dose, duration, and specific steroid, may result in inhibition of endogenous steroid production following drug withdrawal. In patients presently receiving or recently withdrawn from systemic corticosteroid treatments, therapy with a rapidly acting corticosteroid should be considered in unusually stressful situations.
Warning
Clinical and experimental data have demonstrated that corticosteroids administered orally or parenterally to animals may induce the first stage of parturition when administered during the last trimester of pregnancy and may precipitate parturition followed by dystocia, fetal death, retained placenta, and metritis.
A Withdrawal Period Has Not Been Established For This Product In Pre-ruminant Calves. Do Not Use In Calves To Be Processed For Veal.
Additionally, corticosteroids administered to dogs, rabbits, and rodents during pregnancy have produced cleft palate. Other congenital anomalies including deformed forelegs, phocomelia, and anasarca have been reported in offspring of dogs which received corticosteroids during pregnancy.
Side Effects
Side effects, such as SAP and SGPT enzyme elevations, weight loss, anorexia, polydipsia, and polyuria have occurred following the use of synthetic corticosteroids in dogs. Vomiting and diarrhea (occasionally bloody) have been observed in dogs and cats.
Cushing's syndrome in dogs has been reported in association with prolonged or repeated steroid therapy.
Corticosteroids reportedly cause laminitis in horses.
How Supplied
Dexamethasone Solution, 2 mg per mL, 100 mL multiple dose vial.
Store Between 2° And 30°c (36° And 86°f)
Manufactured for: Aspen Veterinary Resources.™ Ltd., Kansas City, MO 64116
Manufactured By: IVX Animal Health, Inc., St. Joseph, MO 64506
600029
Iss. 3-95 / Iss. 4-95
Nac No.
14750270
ASPEN VETERINARY RESOURCES, LTD.
3155 HEARTLAND DRIVE, LIBERTY, MO, 64068
Telephone:
816-415-4324
Fax:
816-415-4314
Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the Dexamethasone Solution information published above. However, it remains the responsibility of the readers to familiarize themselves with the product information contained on the Dexamethasone Solution product label or package insert.
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